Scalar solutions of the wave equation in coordinate systems with different transverse geometry give rise to light beams with different dynamical properties. By means of a rigorous vector treatment, the polarization state of an optical field can be analysed in detail as well. Here we present a general scenario of the properties that light beams may have depending on their inherent geometry and polarization state. We discuss some applications of these results in the context of optical micromanipulation, including the development of models of interaction between light and micro-particles and the design of new experimental techniques.